Effect of Co-Doping on the Photocatalytic, Anti-Bacterial and Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Ag-TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Md. Ahsan Tamjid Talha; Taufique  Sami; Abdullah-Al-Mazed Khan; Md. Farhan Jakib; Ishtiak Mahmud

doi:10.38032/scse.2026.4.136

Authors

Md. Ahsan Tamjid Talha Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Taufique Sami Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Abdullah-Al-Mazed Khan Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md. Farhan Jakib Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Ishtiak Mahmud Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38032/scse.2026.4.136

Keywords:

Photocatalytic Activity, Ag-TiO2, Anti-Microbial, Hydrogen Evolution, Co-Doping

Abstract

Silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO_₂) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising material with implementation in photocatalytic water treatment, antibacterial applications, coatings, and solar-assisted hydrogen evolution. It has become a subject of extensive research because of its ease of production and overall stability. However, there are certain challenges. Practical application of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles is limited because of their underwhelming photocatalytic activity under visible light, silver nanoparticle leaching, and potential for environmental toxicity. Recent developments in the co-doping of Ag-TiO_₂ with elements such as carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, copper, yttrium, zinc oxide, strontium, and zirconium have shown significant improvements in photocatalytic activity, antibacterial efficacy, and hydrogen evolution. Doping of certain elements and modifying the surface morphology have enhanced the overall performance by increasing surface area, reducing electron-hole recombination, and adjusting the band gap energy. This review assembles recent developments in Ag-TiO_₂ co-doping, featuring its promising applications and also highlighting the requirement for further studies to ensure effective execution.

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