Development and Performance Evaluation of a Fixed Batch-type Pyrolysis Reactor for Bio-oil Production from Plastic Wastes

Authors

  • Taye Stephen Mogaji Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
    • Anthony Omoaka Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
      • Olagoke Z. Ayodeji Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

        DOI:

        https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2023.01.004

        Keywords:

        Batch-type Pyrolysis System, HDPE Plastic Wastes, Bio-oil, Fuel Properties Analyses

        Abstract

        A fixed bed batch-type bioreactor for pyrolyzing used or discarded plastic wastes was developed and its performance was evaluated. This research explored the option of converting the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) category of plastic wastes into useful bio-oil in the developed pyrolysis fixed-bed batch reactor. The developed 5 kg batch-type pyrolysis system powered by liquified petroleum gas (LPG) was designed and simulated with SolidWorks computer software to confirm its functionality, fabricated with locally sourced materials, and evaluated with HDPE plastic wastes sorted from dumpsites within the Akure metropolis. The developed reactor evaluation result justified that the pyrolysis reactor has the potential to produce 1.4575 kg of bio-oil per kilogram of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumed. The pyrolytic oil obtained at pyrolysis temperature between 280oC-520oC in this work was thereafter assayed for its composition and fuel properties analyses. The results of the characterization indicated that the pyrolysis of plastic HDPE wastes is a good source of alternative fuel as it shows proximity to the physiochemical characteristics of conventional diesel.

        References

        Aziz, M.A., Al-Khulaidi, R.A., Rashid, M.M., Islam, M.R. and Rashid, M.A.N., 2017, March. Design and fabrication of a fixed-bed batch type pyrolysis reactor for pilot scale pyrolytic oil production in Bangladesh. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 184, No. 1, p. 012056). IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/184/1/012056

        Geyer, R., Jambeck, J.R. and Law, K.L., 2017. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science advances, 3(7), p.e1700782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782

        Chanashetty, V.B. and Patil, B.M., 2015. Fuel from plastic waste. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 6(2), p.121.

        Abnisa, F., Daud, W.W. and Sahu, J.N., 2011. Optimization and characterization studies on bio-oil production from palm shell by pyrolysis using response surface methodology. Biomass and bioenergy, 35(8), pp.3604-3616.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.05.011

        Goyal, H.B., Seal, D. and Saxena, R.C., 2008. Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(2), pp.504-517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.014

        Titiladunayo I.F., 2002. Biomass Energy Conversion and the Impact of Bioenergy Utilization on the Environment. Nigerian Journal of Forestry, 32, pp.42-49.

        Mogaji, T. S. Akinsade, A., Akintunde, M. A., 2019. Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse for Bio-Oil Production. Journal of Engineering and Engineering Technology, 13(2), pp.150-157.

        Mogaji, T.S., Moses, E.O., Idowu, E.T. and Jen, T.C., 2020. Thermal Degradation Conditions Effects on Selected Biomass Wastes and Characterization of Their Produced Biochar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2020/v4i330131

        Zhou, N., Dai, L., Lv, Y., Li, H., Deng, W., Guo, F., Chen, P., Lei, H. and Ruan, R., 2021. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes in a continuous microwave assisted pyrolysis system for fuel production. Chemical Engineering Journal, 418, p.129412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129412

        Sharuddin, S.D.A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W.M.A.W. and Aroua, M.K., 2016. A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy conversion and management, 115, pp.308-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037

        Wen, Y., Peng, F. and Weiming, Y., 2017. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of corn stover in a fluidized bed heated by hot flue gas: Physicochemical properties of bio-oil and its application. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(5), pp.226-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20171005.2473

        Gaurav, M.M., Arunkumar, K.N. and Lingegowda, N.S., 2014. Conversion of LDPE plastic waste into liquid fuel by thermal degradation. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 2(4), pp.104-107.

        Olufemi, A.S. and Olagboye, S., 2017. Thermal conversion of waste plastics into fuel oil. Int. j. petrochem. sci. eng, 2(8), pp.252-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2017.02.00064

        Sharuddin, S.D.A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W.M.A.W. and Aroua, M.K., 2018, March. Pyrolysis of plastic waste for liquid fuel production as prospective energy resource. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 334, p. 012001). IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/334/1/012001

        Onwudili, J.A., Insura, N. and Williams, P.T., 2009. Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: Effects of temperature and residence time. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 86(2), pp.293-303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.07.008

        Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta, J.K. (2015): “A Textbook on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.” Eurasia Publication House (P) Ltd, New Delhi. Page 360-368.

        Khedri, S. and Elyasi, S., 2018. Determination of the heat of pyrolysis of HDPE via isothermal differential scanning calorimetry: A new approach for solid state reactions. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 131, pp.1509-1515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6681-x

        Ineos, 2019. Typical Engineering Properties of High-Density Polyethelene, Ineos olefins and polymers, USA: www.ineos-op.com accessed 11/12/2019.

        Alloy Wire International, 2019: https://www.alloywire.com/downloads/ accessed 15/10/2019.

        Rajput K. R., 2011. A Textbook of Heat and Mass Transfer, Revised Edition, Chand and Company Ltd. publication, 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi, India, pp.80-95

        Serth, R.W., 2007. Process Heat Transfer Principles and Applications. Department of Chemical and Natural Gas Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA

        Akinola, A.O., Eiche, J.F., Owolabi, P.O. and Elegbeleye, A.P., 2018. Pyrolytic analysis of cocoa pod for biofuel production. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 37(4), pp.1026-1031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v37i4.23

        Babajo, S.A., Enaburekhan, J.S. and Rufa’i, I.A., 2021. Design, fabrication and performance study of co-pyrolysis system for production of liquid fuel from jatropha cake with polystyrene waste. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 25(3), pp.407-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.15

        Khuenkaeo, N., Phromphithak, S., Onsree, T., Naqvi, S.R. and Tippayawong, N., 2021. Production and characterization of bio-oils from fast pyrolysis of tobacco processing wastes in an ablative reactor under vacuum. PLoS One, 16(7), p.e0254485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254485

        Bello E. I; Ayodeji, O. Z; Ogunbayo, S. and Bello, K., 2019. Characterization and Glycerine Analysis of Mustard (Brassica juncea. L) Seed Oil and Biodiesel, Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology, 22(2), pp.1 – 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2019/v22i230113

        Downloads

        Published

        22-03-2023

        Issue

        Vol. 4 No. 01 (2023)

        Section

        Research Articles

        License

        Copyright (c) 2023 Taye Stephen Mogaji, Anthony Omoaka, Olagoke Z. Ayodeji

        Creative Commons License

        This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

        All the articles published by this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

        How to Cite

        Mogaji, T.S., Omoaka, A. and Ayodeji, O.Z. (2023) “Development and Performance Evaluation of a Fixed Batch-type Pyrolysis Reactor for Bio-oil Production from Plastic Wastes”, Journal of Engineering Advancements, 4(01), pp. 19–24. doi:10.38032/jea.2023.01.004.

        Most read articles by the same author(s)