Quantitative Toxicological Risk Profiling of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal Contaminants in Agricultural Products: A Focused Geo- Environmental Study in Tanore Upazila, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38032/scse.2025.3.62Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Agricultural Contamination, Health Risks, Cadmium, Food SafetyAbstract
This study evaluates the contamination of agricultural crops with carcinogenic heavy metals in Tanore Upazila, Rajshahi District which is a well-known area for its important contribution to agriculture production. This study explores six frequently consumed plants- Green chili, coriander seed, potato tubers Brinjal fruit (whole), Onion bulb and Turmeric rhizomes. With the growing worldwide apprehension about heavy metal accumulation in food crops, particularly within developing nations, this research purposes to estimate the cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and chromium(Cr) levels of these plants and evaluate health risk. Raw samples were obtained from the local fields and then they underwent strict cleaning & preparation protocols to give accurate results in the analysis. This was followed by quantification of heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). E.D.I., T.H.Q. and H.I. were calculated to assess non-carcinogenic health risks. The final obtained results are for green chili, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000199 and 0.1993 for Cd, 0.000665 and 2.2167 for As, 0.000183 and 0.0458 for Pb, 0.000120 and 0.040 for Cr and H.I. is 2.5018. For coriander, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000031 and 0.0314 for Cd, 0.000055 and 0.1834 for As, 0.000283 and 0.0707 for Pb, 0.000133 and 0.0443 for Cr and H.I. is 0.3298. For potato, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000010 and 0.0097 for Cd, 0.000017 and 0.0554 for As, 0.000012 and 0.0029 for Pb, 0.000015 and 0.0050 for Cr and H.I. is 0.0730. For brinjal, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000005 and 0.0097 for Cd, 0.000007 and 0.0246 for As, 0.000011 and 0.0029 for Pb, 0.000010 and 0.0033 for Cr and H.I. is 0.0360. For onion, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000036 and 0.0361 for Cd, 0.000032 and 0.1068 for As, 0.000242 and 0.0606 for Pb, 0.000116 and 0.0387 for Cr and H.I. is 0.2422. For turmeric, E.D.I. and T.H.Q. are respectively 0.000022 and 0.1392 for Cd, 0.000042 and 0.1392 for As, 0.000241 and 0.0603 for Pb, 0.000118 and 0.0393 for Cr and H.I. is 0.2608.
Downloads
Downloads
Downloads
References
[1] Jaishankar, M., et al. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60-72.
[2] Ali, H., Khan, E., & Ilahi, I. (2019). Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals: Environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 1-14.
[3] Rahman MS, Hossain MB, Babu SMOF, Rahman M, Ahmed ASS (2019) Source of metal contamination in sediment, their ecological risk, and phytoremediation ability of the studied mangrove plants in ship breaking area, Bangladesh. Marine Pollution Bulletin 141: 137-146.
[4] Md. Mahtab Ali Mollah*, Md. Golam Rabbany, M Nurunnabi, Sha Md.Shahan Shahriar and Sayed M A Salam. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through Six Common Spices of Mohanpur Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. Glob J Nutri Food Sci. 3(5): 2022. GJNFS. MS.ID.000574.
[5] Usero J, Gonzalez ER, Gracia I (1997) Trace Metals in Bivalve Mollusks Ruditapes decussates and Ruditapes philippinarum from the Atlantic Coast of Southern Spain. Environment International 23(3): 291-298.
[6] Tefera M, Teklewold A (2021) Health risk assessment of heavy metals in selected Ethiopian spices. Heliyon 7(5): e07048.
[7] Amer M, Sabry B, Marrez D, Hathout A, Fouzy A (2019) Exposure assessment of heavy metal residues in some Egyptian fruits. Toxicology Reports 6: 538-543.
[8] Meseret M, Ketema G, Kassahun H (2020) Health risk assessment and determination of some heavy metals in commonly consumed traditional herbal preparations in Northeast Ethiopia. Jou Chem pp. 1-7.
[9] USEPA (2011) Risk-based Concentration Table, United State Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, USA.
[10] Gebeyehu HR, Bayissa LD (2020) Levels of heavy metals in soil and vegetables and associated health risks in Mojo area, Ethiopia. PloS One 15(1): e0227883.
[11] Ghasemidehkordi B, Malekirad A, Nazem H, Fazilati M, Salavati H, et al. (2018) Concentration of lead and mercury in collected vegetables and herbs from Markazi province, Iran: a noncarcinogenic risk assessment, Food Chem. Toxicol. 113: 204-210.
[12] Khan S, Farooq R, Shahbaz S, Khan M, Sadique M (2009) Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables. World Appl Sci J 6(12): 1602-1606.
[13] Mohammadi A, Zarei A, Majidi S, Ghaderpouryd A, Hashempour Y, et al. (2019) Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. MethodsX 6: 1642-1651.
[14] Bernard, A. (2008). Cadmiumerse effects on human health. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128(4), 557-564.
[15] Nordberg, G. F., et al. (2015). The effects of cadmium on human health. Metallomics, 7(2), 158-169.
[16] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2012). Cadmium and cadmium compounds. IARC Monographs, Vol. 100C.
[17] Rayment GE Australian and Some International Food Standards for Heavy Metals, Queensland Department of Primary Industries.
[18] Hughes, M. F., et al. (2011). Arsenic exposure and toxicology: A historical perspective. Toxicological Sciences, 123(2), 305-332.
[19] Naujokas, M. F., et al. (2013). The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: Update on a worldwide public health problem. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3), 295-302.
[20] Anon (1987) Codex Alimentarius Commission- Report of the seventeenth session, 29 June-10 July FAO/WHO, Rome.
[21] Bellinger, D. C. (2008). Very low lead exposures and children's neurodevelopment. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 20(2), 172-177.
[22] Lanphear, B. P., et al. (2005). Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(7), 894-899.
[23] ANHMRC (1987) Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
[24] Costa, M. (2003). Potential hazards of hexavalent chromate in our drinking water. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 188(1), 1-5.
[25] Katz, S. A., & Salem, H. (1993). The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 13(3), 217-224.
[26] Singh, J., et al. (2013). Toxicity, health hazards and environmental concerns of various hexavalent chromium treatments: A review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 72(6), 323-329.
[27] Choi DYY (2011) International/ National Standards for Heavy Metals in Food. Chemist Government Laboratory.
Published
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Julkor Nayin, Badhan Karmakar, Shauvik Das Shuvo, Lamia Binte Siddique, Farjana Khondoker Khondoker, Md. Rafiul Islam, Anika Tahasin, Nusrat Jahan Mimi, Md. Masumul Haque, Fariha Jahin, SK Fahim Tahmid Boni (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All the articles published by this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
