An Extensive Literature Review and New Proposal on Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2020.04.007Keywords:
Distribution Feeders, Shunt Capacitor Bank, Distriution Losses, SCBs Sizing and Sitting, Voltage Profile Improvement (VPI), Combinatorial MethodAbstract
The main goal of power utilities is to supply reliable and quality power to the end-users and fulfill their total demands at all possible locations. Most of the loads are connected in the distribution systems are inductive. The excessive reactive power demand over the distribution network causes tremendous reactive power losses and changes the voltage profile, hence the system's reliability. Shunt Capacitor Bank (SCB) is widely used in the distribution system for reactive power support, voltage profile, and system performance improvement. But there are some challenges to employ SCB in the distribution network; among them, ensuring the most optimum location and size is a big challenge to get the maximum benefits. Some existing techniques showed better loss reduction but needed either larger SCBs sizes or cause improper node voltage. In this research study, the first section provides an extensive literature review of optimal SCBs placement and sizing. Later on, a new technique called Combinatorial Method has been developed for sizing and sitting of optimal Shunt Capacitors to reduce the distribution loss significantly. The developed method was tested for different case studies using Indian practical 22-bus and IEEE-69-bus network. The results were compared with DSA, Fuzzy GA, and TLBO method and found better distribution feeder loss minimization and voltage profile improvement.
References
Arulraj, R. and Kumarappan, N., 2019. Optimal economic-driven planning of multiple DG and capacitor in distribution network considering different compensation coefficients in feeder’s failure rate evaluation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 22(1), pp.67-77.
Neagle, N.M. and Samson, D.R., 1956. Loss reduction from capacitors installed on primary feeders [includes discussion]. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems, 75(3), pp.950-959.
Kasztenny, B., Schaefer, J. and Clark, E., 2007, March. Fundamentals of adaptive protection of large capacitor banks. In 2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources (pp. 154-186). IEEE.
Segura, S., Romero, R. and Rider, M.J., 2010. Efficient heuristic algorithm used for optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 32(1), pp.71-78.
Lidula, N.W.A. and Rajapakse, A.D., 2011. Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), pp.186-202.
Eltawil, M.A. and Zhao, Z., 2010. Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems—A review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 14(1), pp.112-129.
Taylor, C.W., 2003. Shunt Compensation for Voltage Stability. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 36(20), pp.43-48.
Andersson, G., Donalek, P., Farmer, R., Hatziargyriou, N., Kamwa, I., Kundur, P., Martins, N., Paserba, J., Pourbeik, P., Sanchez-Gasca, J. and Schulz, R., 2005. Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance. IEEE transactions on Power Systems, 20(4), pp.1922-1928.
Pereira, L., 2004. Cascade to black [system blackouts]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2(3), pp.54-57.
Bruns, D.P., Newcomb, G.R., Miske, S.A., Taylor, C.W., Lee, G.E. and Edris, A., 2001. Shunt capacitor bank series group shorting (CAPS) design and application. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 16(1), pp.24-32.
Dortolina, C.A. and Nadira, R., 2005. The loss that is unknown is no loss at all: A top-down/bottom-up approach for estimating distribution losses. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20(2), pp.1119-1125.
Targosz, R., Belmans, R., Declercq, J., De Keulenaer, H., Furuya, K., Karmarkar, M., Martinez, M., McDermott, M. and Pinkiewicz, I., 2005. The potential for global energy savings from high efficiency distribution transformers. Leonardo Energy Transformer–European Copper Institute.
EPRI. Assessment of transmission and distribution losses in New York.
EIA, 2011. Annual Energy Outlook 2011. Available from 〈http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/archive/aeo11/〉 Last Accessed on: 20-Dec-20202. Information Administration, Washington, DC. 2011.
Prada, R.B. and Souza, L.J., 1998. Voltage stability and thermal limit: constraints on the maximum loading of electrical energy distribution feeders. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 145(5), pp.573-577.
ENERGI. Guidelines to install, operate and maintain ht capacitors & its associated equipment 〈http://www.energegroup.com/CapacitorManual.pdf〉.
Aman, M.M., Jasmon, G.B., Mokhlis, H. and Bakar, A.H.A., 2013. Analysis of the performance of domestic lighting lamps. Energy policy, 52, pp.482-500.
Milligan M, Ela E, Hein J, Schneider T, Brinkman G, Denholm P., 2012. Exploration of high-penetration renewable electricity futures. Vol. 4 of renewable electricity futures study. NREL/TP-6A20-52409-4. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
EURELECTRIC. Power outages in 2003-global regulatory Network.
Mostafa, S.M.G., Singh, J.G., Masrur, H. and Ullah, M.S., 2016, October. A prospective model of Bangladesh electricity market. In 2016 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Root, C.E., 2006. The future beckons [electric power industry]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 4(1), pp.24-31.
Singh, H., Hao, S. and Papalexopoulos, A., 1998. Transmission congestion management in competitive electricity markets. IEEE Transactions on power systems, 13(2), pp.672-680.
Hemmati, R., Hooshmand, R.A. and Khodabakhshian, A., 2013. State-of-the-art of transmission expansion planning: Comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, pp.312-319.
Baldick, R., 2004. Reactive issues- reactive power in restructured markets. IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, 2(6), pp.14-17.
Hogan, W.W., 1996. Markets in real electric networks require reactive prices. In Electricity transmission pricing and technology (pp. 143-182). Springer, Dordrecht.
Aman, M.M., Jasmon, G.B., Bakar, A.H.A. and Mokhlis, H., 2012. Optimum capacitor placement and sizing for distribution system based on an improved voltage stability index. International Review of Electrical Engineering, 7(3), pp.4622-4630.
Gonzalez-Longatt, F. and Fortoul, C., 2005, March. Review of the distributed generation concept: Attempt of unification. In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ 05), España (pp. 16-18).
Ackermann, T., Andersson, G. and Söder, L., 2001. Distributed generation: a definition. Electric power systems research, 57(3), pp.195-204.
Mahmud, M.A., Hossain, M.J., Pota, H.R. and Nasiruzzaman, A.B.M., 2011, November. Voltage control of distribution networks with distributed generation using reactive power compensation. In IECON 2011-37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 985-990.
Liew, S.N. and Strbac, G., 2002. Maximising penetration of wind generation in existing distribution networks. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 149(3), pp.256-262.
Turitsyn, K., Sulc, P., Backhaus, S. and Chertkov, M., 2011. Options for control of reactive power by distributed photovoltaic generators. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(6), pp.1063-1073.
Rao, R.S., Narasimham, S.V.L. and Ramalingaraju, M., 2011. Optimal capacitor placement in a radial distribution system using plant growth simulation algorithm. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 33(5), pp.1133-1139.
Mekhamer, S.F., Soliman, S.A., Moustafa, M.A. and El-Hawary, M.E., 2002. Load flow solution of radial distribution feeders: a new contribution. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 24(9), pp.701-707.
Cook, R.F., 1959. Analysis of capacitor application as affected by load cycle. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems, 78(3), pp.950-956.
Cook, R.F., 1961. Optimizing the application of shunt capacitors for reactive-volt-ampere control and loss reduction. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems, 80(3), pp.430-441.
Bae, Y.G., 1978. Analytical method of capacitor allocation on distribution primary feeders. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (4), pp.1232-1238.
Grainger, J.J. and Lee, S.H., 1981. Optimum size and location of shunt capacitors for reduction of losses on distribution feeders. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (3), pp.1105-1118.
Schmill, J.V., 1965. Optimum size and location of shunt capacitors on distribution feeders. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 84(9), pp.825-832.
Chang, N.E., 1969. Locating shunt capacitors on primary feeder for voltage control and loss reduction. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (10), pp.1574-1577.
Chang, N.E., 1972. Generalized equations on loss reduction with shunt capacitor. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (5), pp.2189-2195.
Lee, S.H. and Grainger, J.J., 1981. Optimum placement of fixed and switched capacitors on primary distribution feeders. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (1), pp.345-352.
Salama, M.M.A., Chikhani, A.Y. and Hackam, R., 1985. Control of reactive power in distribution systems with an end-load and fixed load condition. IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, (10), pp.2779-2788.
Salama, M.M.A., Mansour, E.A.A., Chikhani, A.Y. and Hackam, R., 1985. Control of reactive power in distribution systems with an end-load and varying load condition. IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, (4), pp.941-947.
Haque, M.H., 1999. Capacitor placement in radial distribution systems for loss reduction. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 146(5), pp.501-505.
Cho, M.Y. and Chen, Y.W., 1997. Fixed/switched type shunt capacitor planning of distribution systems by considering customer load patterns and simplified feeder model. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 144(6), pp.533-540.
Arief, A. and Nappu, M.B., 2016. An analytical method for optimal capacitors placement from the inversed reduced jacobian matrix. Energy Procedia, 100(100), pp.307-310.
Kamel, S., Hamdy, W., Abd-elgwad, S., Selim, A. and Jurado, F., 2019, March. Development of Probabilistic Power Flow Algorithm for Radial Distribution Systems with Capacitors Using Analytical Approach. In IEEE 10th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC 2019), Sousse-Tunisia.
Ihsan, M., Shahzad, M. and Ullah, N., 2019, January. Analytical Method for Optimal Reactive Power Support in Power Network. In 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Crow, M.L., 2003. Computational methods for electric power systems. Crc Press.
Saadat, H., 1999. Power system analysis (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill.
Dura, H., 1968. Optimum number, location, and size of shunt capacitors in radial distribution feeders a dynamic programming approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (9), pp.1769-1774.
Fawzi, T.H., El-Sobki, S.M. and Abdel-halim, M.A., 1983. New approach for the application of shunt capacitors to the primary distribution feeders. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (1), pp.10-13.
Ponnavsikko, M. and Rao, K.P., 1983. Optimal choice of fixed and switched shunt capacitors on radial distributors by the method of local variations. IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, (6), pp.1607-1615.
Baran, M. and Wu, F.F., 1989. Optimal sizing of capacitors placed on a radial distribution system. IEEE Transactions on power Delivery, 4(1), pp.735-743.
Baran, M.E. and Wu, F.F., 1989. Optimal capacitor placement on radial distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on power Delivery, 4(1), pp.725-734.
Sharaf, A.M. and Ibrahim, S.T., 1996. Optimal capacitor placement in distribution networks. Electric power systems research, 37(3), pp.181-187.
Jasmon, G.B. and Lee, L.H.C.C., 1991. Distribution network reduction for voltage stability analysis and loadflow calculations. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 13(1), pp.9-13.
Khodr, H.M., Olsina, F.G., De Oliveira-De Jesus, P.M. and Yusta, J.M., 2008. Maximum savings approach for location and sizing of capacitors in distribution systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 78(7), pp.1192-1203.
Soto, S. and Hinojosa, V., 2016. Stochastic optimal allocation of reactive power banks for system loss minimization. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 14(4), pp.1980-1987.
Jannat, M.B. and Savić, A.S., 2016. Optimal capacitor placement in distribution networks regarding uncertainty in active power load and distributed generation units production. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 10(12), pp.3060-3067.
Minsky, M.L., 1958, November. Some methods of artificial intelligence and heuristic programming. In Proc. Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, Teddington.
Ng, H.N., Salama, M.M.A. and Chikhani, A.Y., 2000. Classification of capacitor allocation techniques. IEEE Transactions on power delivery, 15(1), pp.387-392.
Abdel-Salam, T.S., Chikhani, A.Y. and Hackam, R., 1994. A new technique for loss reduction using compensating capacitors applied to distribution systems with varying load condition. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9(2), pp.819-827.
Chis, M., Salama, M.M.A. and Jayaram, S., 1997. Capacitor placement in distribution systems using heuristic search strategies. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 144(3), pp.225-230.
da Silva, I.C., Carneiro, S., de Oliveira, E.J., de Souza Costa, J., Pereira, J.L.R. and Garcia, P.A.N., 2008. A heuristic constructive algorithm for capacitor placement on distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 23(4), pp.1619-1626.
Hamouda, A. and Sayah, S., 2013. Optimal capacitors sizing in distribution feeders using heuristic search based node stability-indices. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 46, pp.56-64.
Raju, M.R., Murthy, K.R. and Ravindra, K., 2012. Direct search algorithm for capacitive compensation in radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 42(1), pp.24-30.
El-Fergany, A.A. and Abdelaziz, A.Y., 2014. Capacitor allocations in radial distribution networks using cuckoo search algorithm. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 8(2), pp.223-232.
El-Fergany, A.A. and Abdelaziz, A.Y., 2014. Efficient heuristic-based approach for multi-objective capacitor allocation in radial distribution networks. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 8(1), pp.70-80.
Gnanasekaran, N., Chandramohan, S., Kumar, P.S. and Imran, A.M., 2016. Optimal placement of capacitors in radial distribution system using shark smell optimization algorithm. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 7(2), pp.907-916.
Dixit, M., Kundu, P. and Jariwala, H.R., 2018. Optimal integration of shunt capacitor banks in distribution networks for assessment of techno-economic asset. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 71, pp.331-345.
Chiou, J.P. and Chang, C.F., 2015. Development of a novel algorithm for optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 73, pp.684-690.
Devabalaji, K.R., Ravi, K. and Kothari, D.P., 2015. Optimal location and sizing of capacitor placement in radial distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 71, pp.383-390.
Askarzadeh, A., 2016. Capacitor placement in distribution systems for power loss reduction and voltage improvement: a new methodology. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 10(14), pp.3631-3638.
Muthukumar, K. and Jayalalitha, S., 2018. Multiobjective hybrid evolutionary approach for optimal planning of shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems with load models. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), pp.1975-1988.
Mujezinović, A., Turković, N., Dautbašić, N., Dedović, M.M. and Turković, I., 2019, March. Use of Integer Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Allocation and Sizing of the Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Radial Distribution Networks. In 2019 18th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Kokash, N., 2005. An introduction to heuristic algorithms. Department of Informatics and Telecommunications. University of Trento.
Aman, M.M., Jasmon, G.B., Bakar, A.H.A., Mokhlis, H. and Karimi, M., 2014. Optimum shunt capacitor placement in distribution system—A review and comparative study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, pp.429-439.
Sundhararajan, S. and Pahwa, A., 1994. Optimal selection of capacitors for radial distribution systems using a genetic algorithm. IEEE transactions on Power Systems, 9(3), pp.1499-1507.
Das, D., 2002. Reactive power compensation for radial distribution networks using genetic algorithm. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 24(7), pp.573-581.
Haghifam, M.R. and Malik, O.P., 2007. Genetic algorithm-based approach for fixed and switchable capacitors placement in distribution systems with uncertainty and time varying loads. IET generation, transmission & distribution, 1(2), pp.244-252.
Levitin, G., Kalyuzhny, A., Shenkman, A. and Chertkov, M., 2000. Optimal capacitor allocation in distribution systems using a genetic algorithm and a fast energy loss computation technique. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 15(2), pp.623-628.
Boone, G. and Chiang, H.D., 1993. Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems by genetic algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 15(3), pp.155-161.
Pazouki, S., Mohsenzadeh, A., Haghifam, M.R. and Ardalan, S., 2015. Simultaneous allocation of charging stations and capacitors in distribution networks improving voltage and power loss. Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 38(2), pp.100-105.
Ng, H.N., Salama, M.M.A. and Chikhani, A.Y., 2000. Capacitor allocation by approximate reasoning: fuzzy capacitor placement. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 15(1), pp.393-398.
Bhattacharya, S.K. and Goswami, S.K., 2009. A new fuzzy based solution of the capacitor placement problem in radial distribution system. Expert systems with applications, 36(3), pp.4207-4212.
Das, D., 2008. Optimal placement of capacitors in radial distribution system using a Fuzzy-GA method. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 30(6-7), pp.361-367.
Gampa, S.R. and Das, D., 2016. Optimum placement of shunt capacitors in a radial distribution system for substation power factor improvement using fuzzy GA method. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 77, pp.314-326.
Singh, S.P. and Rao, A.R., 2012. Optimal allocation of capacitors in distribution systems using particle swarm optimization. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 43(1), pp.1267-1275.
Kanwar, N., Gupta, N., Swarnkar, A., Niazi, K.R. and Bansal, R.C., 2015. New sensitivity based approach for optimal allocation of shunt capacitors in distribution networks using PSO. Energy Procedia, 75, pp.1153-1158.
Huang, S.J., 2000. An immune-based optimization method to capacitor placement in a radial distribution system. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 15(2), pp.744-749.
Huang, S.J. and Liu, X.Z., 2012. A plant growth-based optimization approach applied to capacitor placement in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 27(4), pp.2138-2145.
Pires, D.F., Martins, A.G. and Antunes, C.H., 2005. A multiobjective model for VAR planning in radial distribution networks based on tabu search. IEEE Transactions On Power Systems, 20(2), pp.1089-1094.
Mendes, A., Franca, P.M., Lyra, C., Pissarra, C. and Cavellucci, C., 2005. Capacitor placement in large-sized radial distribution networks. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 152(4), pp.496-502.
Sultana, S. and Roy, P.K., 2014. Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution systems using teaching learning based optimization. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 54, pp.387-398.
Kaur, D. and Sharma, J., 2013. Multiperiod shunt capacitor allocation in radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 52, pp.247-253.
Carlisle, J.C. and El-Keib, A.A., 2000. A graph search algorithm for optimal placement of fixed and switched capacitors on radial distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 15(1), pp.423-428.
Shuaib, Y.M., Kalavathi, M.S. and Rajan, C.C.A., 2015. Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution system using gravitational search algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 64, pp.384-397.
Abu-Mouti, F.S. and El-Hawary, M.E., 2011. Optimal distributed generation allocation and sizing in distribution systems via artificial bee colony algorithm. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 26(4), pp.2090-2101.
Gallego, R.A., Monticelli, A.J. and Romero, R., 2001. Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 16(4), pp.630-637.
Kannan, S.M., Renuga, P., Kalyani, S. and Muthukumaran, E., 2011. Optimal capacitor placement and sizing using Fuzzy-DE and Fuzzy-MAPSO methods. Applied Soft Computing, 11(8), pp.4997-5005.
Goswami, S.K., Ghose, T. and Basu, S.K., 1999. An approximate method for capacitor placement in distribution system using heuristics and greedy search technique. Electric Power Systems Research, 51(3), pp.143-151.
Abril, I.P., 2017. Algorithm of inclusion and interchange of variables for capacitors placement. Electric Power Systems Research, 148, pp.117-126.
Tamilselvan, V., Jayabarathi, T., Raghunathan, T. and Yang, X.S., 2018. Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution systems using flower pollination algorithm. Alexandria engineering journal, 57(4), pp.2775-2786.
Abul’Wafa, A.R., 2014. Optimal capacitor placement for enhancing voltage stability in distribution systems using analytical algorithm and Fuzzy-Real Coded GA. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 55, pp.246-252.
Injeti, S.K., Thunuguntla, V.K. and Shareef, M., 2015. Optimal allocation of capacitor banks in radial distribution systems for minimization of real power loss and maximization of network savings using bio-inspired optimization algorithms. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 69, pp.441-455.
Murty, V.V.S.N. and Kumar, A., 2015. Capacitor allocation in radial distribution system with time varying ZIP load model and energy savings. Procedia Computer Science, 70, pp.377-383.
da Rosa, W.M., Rossoni, P., Teixeira, J.C., Belati, E.A. and Asano, P.T.L., 2016. Optimal allocation of capacitor banks using genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 14(8), pp.3702-3707.
Askarzadeh, A., 2016. Capacitor placement in distribution systems for power loss reduction and voltage improvement: a new methodology. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 10(14), pp.3631-3638.
Prakash, D.B. and Lakshminarayana, C., 2017. Optimal siting of capacitors in radial distribution network using whale optimization algorithm. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 56(4), pp.499-509.
Milosevic, B. and Begovic, M., 2004. Capacitor placement for conservative voltage reduction on distribution feeders. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 19(3), pp.1360-1367.
Javadi, M.S., Nezhad, A.E., Siano, P., Shafie-khah, M. and Catalão, J.P., 2017. Shunt capacitor placement in radial distribution networks considering switching transients decision making approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 92, pp.167-180.
Baghzouz, Y. and Ertem, S., 1990. Shunt capacitor sizing for radial distribution feeders with distorted substation voltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 5(2), pp.650-657.
Wu, Z.Q. and Lo, K.L., 1995. Optimal choice of fixed and switched capacitors in radial distributors with distorted substation voltage. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 142(1), pp.24-28.
Yu, X.M., Xiong, X.Y. and Wu, Y.W., 2004. A PSO-based approach to optimal capacitor placement with harmonic distortion consideration. Electric Power Systems Research, 71(1), pp.27-33.
Masoum, M.A., Ladjevardi, M., Jafarian, A. and Fuchs, E.F., 2004. Optimal placement, replacement and sizing of capacitor banks in distorted distribution networks by genetic algorithms. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 19(4), pp.1794-1801.
Masoum, M.A.S., Ladjevardi, M., Fuchs, E.F. and Grady, E.M., 2002, July. Optimal placement and sizing of fixed and switched capacitor banks under nonsinusoidal operating conditions. In IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, (Vol. 2, pp. 807-813). IEEE.
Masoum, M.A.S., Ladjevardi, M., Fuchs, E.F. and Grady, W.M., 2004. Application of local variations and maximum sensitivities selection for optimal placement of shunt capacitor banks under nonsinusoidal operating conditions. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 26(10), pp.761-769.
Masoum, M.A., Jafarian, A., Ladjevardi, M., Fuchs, E.F. and Grady, W.M., 2004. Fuzzy approach for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in the presence of harmonics. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(2), pp.822-829.
Ayoubi, M., Hooshmand, R.A. and Esfahani, M.T., 2017. Optimal capacitor placement in distorted distribution systems considering resonance constraint using multi-swarm particle swarm optimisation algorithm. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 11(13), pp.3210-3221.
Othman, A.M., 2016. Optimal capacitor placement by Enhanced Bacterial Foraging Optimization (EBFO) with accurate thermal re-rating of critical cables. Electric Power Systems Research, 140, pp.671-680.
Vuletić, J. and Todorovski, M., 2016. Optimal capacitor placement in distorted distribution networks with different load models using Penalty Free Genetic Algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 78, pp.174-182.
Sajjadi, S.M., Haghifam, M.R. and Salehi, J., 2013. Simultaneous placement of distributed generation and capacitors in distribution networks considering voltage stability index. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 46, pp.366-375.
Mahaei, S.M., Sami, T., Shilebaf, A. and Jafarzadeh, J., 2012, May. Simultaneous placement of distributed generations and capacitors with multi-objective function. In 2012 Proceedings of 17th Conference on Electrical Power Distribution (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
Mady, I.B., 2009. Optimal sizing of capacitor banks and distributed generation in distorted distribution networks by genetic algorithms. IEEE/ICEED, pp.1-4.
Moradi, M.H., Zeinalzadeh, A., Mohammadi, Y. and Abedini, M., 2014. An efficient hybrid method for solving the optimal sitting and sizing problem of DG and shunt capacitor banks simultaneously based on imperialist competitive algorithm and genetic algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 54, pp.101-111.
Biswas, S., Goswami, S.K. and Chatterjee, A., 2014. Optimal distributed generation placement in shunt capacitor compensated distribution systems considering voltage sag and harmonics distortions. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 8(5), pp.783-797.
Zeinalzadeh, A., Mohammadi, Y. and Moradi, M.H., 2015. Optimal multi objective placement and sizing of multiple DGs and shunt capacitor banks simultaneously considering load uncertainty via MOPSO approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 67, pp.336-349.
Khodabakhshian, A. and Andishgar, M.H., 2016. Simultaneous placement and sizing of DGs and shunt capacitors in distribution systems by using IMDE algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 82, pp.599-607.
Dixit, M., Kundu, P. and Jariwala, H.R., 2017. Incorporation of distributed generation and shunt capacitor in radial distribution system for techno-economic benefits. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20(2), pp.482-493.
Biswas, P.P., Mallipeddi, R., Suganthan, P.N. and Amaratunga, G.A., 2017. A multiobjective approach for optimal placement and sizing of distributed generators and capacitors in distribution network. Applied Soft Computing, 60, pp.268-280.
Su, C.T. and Lee, C.S., 2001. Feeder reconfiguration and capacitor setting for loss reduction of distribution systems. Electric power systems research, 58(2), pp.97-102.
Jiang, D. and Baldick, R., 1996. Optimal electric distribution system switch reconfiguration and capacitor control. IEEE transactions on Power Systems, 11(2), pp.890-897.
Rezaei, P., Vakilian, M. and Hajipour, E., 2011, September. Reconfiguration and capacitor placement in radial distribution systems for loss reduction and reliability enhancement. In 2011 16th International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Rong, Z., Xiyuan, P., Jinliang, H. and Xinfu, S., 2002, October. Reconfiguration and capacitor placement for loss reduction of distribution system. In 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering. TENCOM'02. Proceedings. (Vol. 3, pp. 1945-1949). IEEE.
Chang, C.F., 2008. Reconfiguration and capacitor placement for loss reduction of distribution systems by ant colony search algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 23(4), pp.1747-1755.
Peponis, G.J., Papadopoulos, M.P. and Hatziargyriou, N.D., 1995. Distribution network reconfiguration to minimize resistive line losses. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 10(3), pp.1338-1342.
de Oliveira, L.W., Carneiro Jr, S., De Oliveira, E.J., Pereira, J.L.R., Silva Jr, I.C. and Costa, J.S., 2010. Optimal reconfiguration and capacitor allocation in radial distribution systems for energy losses minimization. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 32(8), pp.840-848.
Muthukumar, K. and Jayalalitha, S., 2017. Integrated approach of network reconfiguration with distributed generation and shunt capacitors placement for power loss minimization in radial distribution networks. Applied Soft Computing, 52, pp.1262-1284.
Mehmood, K.K., Kim, C.H., Khan, S.U. and Haider, Z.M., 2018. Unified Planning of Wind Generators and Switched Capacitor Banks: A Multiagent Clustering-Based Distributed Approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 33(6), pp.6978-6988.
Ziari, I., Ledwich, G. and Ghosh, A., 2013. A new technique for optimal allocation and sizing of capacitors and setting of LTC. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 46, pp.250-257.
Grainger, J.J. and Civanlar, S., 1985. Volt/var control on distribution systems with lateral branches using shunt capacitors and voltage regulators part I: The overall problem. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, (11), pp.3278-3283.
Civanlar, S. and Grainger, J.J., 1985. Volt/Var control on distribution systems with lateral branches using shunt capacitors and voltage regulators Part II: The solution method. IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, (11), pp.3284-3290.
Civanlar, S. and Grainger, J.J., 1985. Volt/Var control on distribution systems with lateral branches using shunt capacitors and voltage regulators Part III: The numerical results. IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, (11), pp.3291-3297.
Gu, Z. and Rizy, D.T., 1996. Neural networks for combined control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators in distribution systems. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 11(4), pp.1921-1928.
Carpinelli, G., Noce, C., Proto, D. and Varilone, P., 2006. Voltage regulators and capacitor placement in three-phase distribution systems with non-linear and unbalanced loads. International journal of Emerging electric power systems, 7(4).
Szuvovivski, I., Fernandes, T.S.P. and Aoki, A.R., 2012. Simultaneous allocation of capacitors and voltage regulators at distribution networks using genetic algorithms and optimal power flow. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 40(1), pp.62-69.
Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., Lavorato, M. and Romero, R., 2013. A mixed-integer LP model for the optimal allocation of voltage regulators and capacitors in radial distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 48, pp.123-130.
Hung, D.Q., Mithulananthan, N. and Bansal, R.C., 2015. A combined practical approach for distribution system loss reduction. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 36(3), pp.123-131.
Abou El-Ela, A.A., El-Sehiemy, R.A. and Abbas, A.S., 2018. Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation and capacitor banks in distribution systems using water cycle algorithm. IEEE Systems Journal, 12(4), pp.3629-3636.
Saleh, A.A., Mohamed, A.A.A., Hemeida, A.M. and Ibrahim, A.A., 2019, February. Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation and Capacitor Bank. In 2019 International Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Engineering (ITCE) (pp. 459-465). IEEE.
Laconico, K.C.C. and Aguirre, R.A., 2019, March. Optimal Load Balancing and Capacitor Sizing and Siting of an Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network. In 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia) (pp. 939-944). IEEE.
Arulraj, R. and Kumarappan, N., 2019. Optimal economic-driven planning of multiple DG and capacitor in distribution network considering different compensation coefficients in feeder’s failure rate evaluation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 22(1), pp.67-77.
Home-Ortiz, J.M., Vargas, R., Macedo, L.H. and Romero, R., 2019. Joint reconfiguration of feeders and allocation of capacitor banks in radial distribution systems considering voltage-dependent models. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 107, pp.298-310.
Das, S., Das, D. and Patra, A., 2019. Operation of distribution network with optimal placement and sizing of dispatchable DGs and shunt capacitors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 113, p.109219.
Gözel, T. and Hocaoglu, M.H., 2009. An analytical method for the sizing and siting of distributed generators in radial systems. Electric power systems research, 79(6), pp.912-918.
Downloads
Published
- Abstract view681
How to Cite
Issue
Section
