Physico-Mechanical Properties of Industrial Tea Waste Reinforced Jute Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Authors

  • Hrithita Aftab Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
  • G. M. Shafiur Rahman Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
  • Md. Kamruzzaman Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
  • Mubarak A. Khan Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
  • Md. Farhad Ali Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
  • Muhammad Abdullah Al Mamun Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2022.02.001

Keywords:

Tea Waste, Unsaturated Polyester Resin, Jute, Mechanical Properties, Bulk Density

Abstract

The industrial tea waste reinforced jute polyester composites (ITW-JPC) were prepared by hand lay-up method for six different wt% (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) at 115˚C temperature. The effect of industrial tea waste filler on mechanical, physical, structural, and thermal properties in jute polyester composites were evaluated. It is found that tensile strength and flexural strength improved continuously with increasing filler loading up to 9wt% but decreased at 12wt% due to weak interfacial bonding and irregular distribution of filler and matrix. The maximum value of elongation at break (%) and Rockwell hardness were found in 0wt% and 15wt% composites respectively. The hardness increases when the resistance of the materials to the deformation increases. It is seen that water absorption and soil degradation are enhanced for all composites with the accumulation of filler content and time. The structural examination and functional group identification were investigated by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Thermal analysis of ITW-JPC showed that thermal degradation of composites started almost at the same time and the degradation of composites was occurring in three stages. Surface morphology and interfacial properties such as internal cracks, and fiber pull-out were examined through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.

References

Kabir, H., Gafur, M.A., Ahmed, F., Begum, F. and Qadir, M.R., 2014. Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber and PVC foam sheet composites. Universal Journal of Materials Science, 2(6), pp.119-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujms.2014.020603

Gowda, T.M., Naidu, A.C.B. and Chhaya, R., 1999. Some mechanical properties of untreated jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites. Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 30(3), pp.277-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00157-2

Thomas, S., Hosur, M. and Chirayil, C.J. eds., 2019. Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Fundamentals, Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Elsevier.

Saldaña-Mendoza, S.A., Ascacio-Valdés, J.A., Palacios-Ponce, A.S., Contreras-Esquivel, J.C., Rodríguez-Herrera, R., Ruiz, H.A., Martínez-Hernandez, J.L., Sugathan, S. and Aguilar, C.N., 2021. Use of wastes from the tea and coffee industries for the production of cellulases using fungi isolated from the Western Ghats of India. Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing, 1(1), pp.33-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-020-00001-z

Kalauni, D., Joshi, B. and Joshi, A., 2020. Production, marketing, and future prospects of Nepali orthodox tea. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1), p.1757227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1757227

Saha, J.K., Adnan, K.M., Sarker, S.A. and Bunerjee, S., 2021. Analysis of growth trends in area, production and yield of tea in Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 4, p.100136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100136

Tariq, M., Ali, H., Hussain, N., Nasim, W., Mubeen, M., Ahmad, S. and Hasanuzzaman, M., 2019. Fundamentals of crop rotation in agronomic management. In Agronomic crops (pp. 545-559). Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9151-5_24

Nasir, T. and Shamsuddoha, M., 2011. Tea productions, consumptions and exports: Bangladesh perspective. International Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 2(1), pp.68-73.

Chowdhury, A., Sarkar, S., Chowdhury, A., Bardhan, S., Mandal, P. and Chowdhury, M., 2016. Tea waste management: a case study from West Bengal, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(42), pp.1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i42/89790

Shen, F.M. and Chen, H.W., 2008. Element composition of tea leaves and tea infusions and its impact on health. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80(3), pp.300-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9367-z

Gao, P. and Ogata, Y., 2020. CHAMU: An effective approach for improving the recycling of tea waste. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 711(1), p. 012024). IOP Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/711/1/012024

Harshana, R.K.M.D.S., Siriwardena, M.B.D.K., Silva, B.M.P.D.K.R., Bandara, B.M.P.N., Udara, S.P.R.A., 2020. Environmental pollution by tea processing, Journal of Research Technology and Engineering, 1(4), pp. 95-104.

Hussin et al., S. M. (2019) “Potential Recycling of Brewed Tea Leaf (Camellia Sinensis) Waste as Natural Reinforcement in Unsaturated Polyester (UPE) Bio-Composite”, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 28(16), pp. 1869-1878.

Han, W.Y., Zhao, F.J., Shi, Y.Z., Ma, L.F. and Ruan, J.Y., 2006. Scale and causes of lead contamination in Chinese tea. Environmental Pollution, 139(1), pp.125-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.025

Atiqah, A., Ansari, M.N.M., Keresahnia, R., Alkhadher, S.A.A. and Al-Amin, A.Q., 2019. Recycling and sustainable environmental practices of household tea waste. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 22(4-5), pp.352-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2019.104767

Zhang, Y., Shi, G., Wu, W., Ali, A., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Xu, Z., Qi, W., Li, R. and Zhang, Z., 2022. Magnetic biochar composite decorated with amino-containing biopolymer for phosphorus recovery from swine wastewater. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 634, p.127980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127980

Vempaty, A. and Mathuriya, A.S., 2022. Strategic development and performance evaluation of functionalized tea waste ash-clay composite as low-cost, high-performance separator in microbial fuel cell. Environmental Technology, PMID: 35138220 pp.1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2022.2041103

Meena, P.L., Saini, J.K., Surela, A.K., Poswal, K. and Chhachhia, L.K., 2022. Fabrication of polyaniline-coated porous and fibrous nanocomposite with granular morphology using tea waste carbon for effective removal of rhodamine B dye from water samples. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp.1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02267-2

Majid, R.A., Mohamad, Z., Rusman, R., Zulkornain, A.A., Halim, N.A., Abdullah, M. and Low, J.H., 2018. Development of tea waste/kapok fiber composite paper. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, pp.457-462.

Wesley, R.J., Durairaj, A., Ramanathan, S., Obadiah, A., Ramasundaram, S., Lv, X. and Vasanthkumar, S., 2022. Tea waste biochar composite with nickel phthalocyanine as a potential supercapacitor electrode material. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp.1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02206-1

Neher, B., Nova, N.T., Hossain, R., Gafur, M.A. and Ahmed, F., 2020. Fabrication and Characterization on Physico-Mechanical and Structural Properties of Sawdust Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Composites. Materials Sciences and Applications, 11(09), p.644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2020.119043

Hai, N.M., Kim, B.S. and Lee, S., 2009. Effect of NaOH treatments on jute and coir fiber PP composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 18(3), pp.197-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156855109X428754

Robel, F.N., Islam, T., Tapash, A. and Chowdhury, A.S., 2014. Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Fiber Reinforced PP-Clay-based Nanocomposites. J. Polym. Compos., 2, pp.19-29.

Stephano, S., Thurbius, G.V.G., 2017. Fabrication of hybrid coconut fibre with epoxy composite. International Journal of Innovative Works in Engineering and Technology. 3(4), pp. 370-377.

Goudar, N., Vanjeri, V.N., Masti, S.P. and Chougale, R.B., 2020. Spathodea campanulata bud fluid reinforced mechanical, hydrophilicity and degradation studies of poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix. SN Applied Sciences, 2(4), pp.1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2413-0

Gupta, A., Singh, H. and Walia, R.S., 2016. Hybrid filler composition optimization for tensile strength of jute fibre-reinforced polymer composite. Bulletin of Materials Science, 39(5), pp.1223-1231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-016-1248-1

Shafiur Rahman, G.M., Aftab, H., Shariful Islam, M., Mukhlish, M.Z.B. and Ali, F., 2016. Enhanced physico-mechanical properties of polyester resin film using CaCO3 filler. Fibers and Polymers, 17(1), pp.59-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5612-y

Jahan, A., Rahman, M.M., Kabir, H., Kabir, M.A., Ahmed, F., Hossain, M.A. and Gafur, M.A., 2012. Comparative study of physical and elastic properties of jute and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 1(10), pp.68-72.

Khan, R.A., Khan, M.A., Zaman, H.U., Parvin, F., Islam, T., Nigar, F., Islam, R., Saha, S. and Mustafa, A.I., 2012. Fabrication and characterization of jute fabric-reinforced PVC-based composite. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 25(1), pp.45-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705711404726

Bepari, M.R., Afrin A., Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.R., 2018. Mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite. In International Conference on Engineering Research and Education, School of Applied sciences & Technology, SUST, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Neher, B., Bhuiyan, M.M.R., Kabir, H., Qadir, M.R., Gafur, M.A. and Ahmed, F., 2014. Study of mechanical and physical properties of palm fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite. Materials Sciences and Applications, 5(1), pp. 39-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2014.51006

Nath, S., Jena, H. and Sahini, D., 2019. Analysis of mechanical properties of jute epoxy composite with cenosphere filler. Silicon, 11(2), pp.659-671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9941-x

Subramonian, S., Ali, A., Amran, M., Sivakumar, L.D., Salleh, S. and Rajaizam, A., 2016. Effect of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of bagasse fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(8), p.1687814016664258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814016664258

Cao, Y., Shibata, S. and Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments. Composites part A: Applied science and Manufacturing, 37(3), pp.423-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.045

Masudur Rahman, A.N.M., Alimuzzaman, S., Khan, R.A. and Hossen, J., 2018. Evaluating the performance of gamma irradiated okra fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites: comparative study with jute/PP. Fashion and Textiles, 5(1), pp.1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-018-0148-y

Batiancela, M.A., Acda, M.N. and Cabangon, R.J., 2014. Particleboard from waste tea leaves and wood particles. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(8), pp.911-916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998313480196

Khan, R.A., Khan, M.A., Das, A.K., Debnath, K.K., Dey, K., Khan, A., Saha, S., Huq, T., Noor, N., Sarker, B. and Saha, M., 2010. Thermo-mechanical and interfacial properties of calcium alginate fiber-reinforced linear low-density polyethylene composite. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49(6), pp.602-608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03602551003664529

Senthilkumar, S.R. and Sivakumar, T., 2014. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and studies on their antimicrobial activities. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci, 6(6), pp.461-465.

Ebrahimian, A. and Saberikhah, E., 2013. Biosorption of methylene blue onto Foumanat tea waste: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Cellulose Chem Technol, 47(7-8), pp.657-666.

Polat, S., Apaydin-Varol, E. and Putun, A.E., 2013. TGA-FTIR study on the thermal decomposition of tea waste. J Selcuk Univ Nat Appl Sci, 2(2), pp.420-430.

Fardausy, A., Kabir, M.A., Kabir, H., Rahman, M.M., Begam, K., Ahmed, F., Hossain, M.A. and Gafur, M.A., 2012. Study of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of unidirectional jute fiber reinforced PVC film composites. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 3(2), pp.267-274.

Downloads

Published

02-06-2022
  • Abstract view362

How to Cite

Aftab, H., Rahman, G. M. S., Kamruzzaman, M., Khan, M. A., Ali, M. F., & Mamun, M. A. A. (2022). Physico-Mechanical Properties of Industrial Tea Waste Reinforced Jute Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Journal of Engineering Advancements, 3(02), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2022.02.001
صندلی اداری سرور مجازی ایران Decentralized Exchange

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

فروشگاه اینترنتی صندلی اداری